Glasgow Minimum Essential Medium was originally developed as a modification of Eagle's medium (BME). The original GMEM includes 10% tryptose phosphate and twice the normal concentration of amino acids and vitamins compared to the BME. This medium was used to study the genetic factors affecting cell competence. GMEM uses a sodium bicarbonate buffer system (2.75 g/L), and therefore requires a 5–10% CO2 environment to maintain physiological pH. This medium is intended for use with adherent kidney cell lines such as baby hamster kidney cells (BHK).